[MUSIC] Establish that managers basically solve problems. But the problems that managers solve do have different types. And I would like to discuss with you or to show you the different kind of problems that managers solve. Or the different kind of problems that different professions find in their jobs. There are two types of problems in the role, what we called structured problems and what we called unstructured problems. What is a structured problem? A structured problem is the kind of problem that you can follow instructions and solve it. For example, when you take your car to the villa to make some of a pair. The first thing that they do is they pluck the car into a robot that searches for anything that moving wrong within the car and they go to the screen and the screen says this is not working, this working this is okay. And so on, so forth. So, the mechanic, the one that gets the car from you and has to repair the car gets the instructions on what things need to be done. The amount of thinking that go into that, right, it's not that much. And everything is set up on an instruction book. In a way, there are other problems were more complex in nature, that also structure problems in a way. Medicine has been transforming itself, because of legal issues and the advance of the and so on. Sometimes in kind of structured problems, most of them are normal illnesses, you would then identify through a structured analysis and you go to the book and you see what you have to do to cure the illness, something you get from the biotics inquiries. So it's kind of a struggle, you know what you have to do when you've identified the problem. There are other problems that do have kind of an unstructured nature. An unstructured problem is a problem that you don't know how to identify which problem you have. Before you start working on it, and you don't know how to solve the problem even after you identify which kind of problem we have. And structured problem, it's the kind of problems that managers find. But there are other professions that also find unstructured problems, right? That two things that you can do in life, one is understand things, and the other is change things. And this deals with different kind of professions, right? Scientist basically look for structural problems, they want to understand reality. Nothing more, nothing else. And once they understand reality they have scientific method, right?, to show whether their hypothesis are true or wrong, right? They have a way where they can, through experiments, know which things are going on. Once they have understood reality, problem solved. They don't need to do anything else. Right, philosophers who deal with unstructured problems. What is the meaning of life? Questions like existentialism or movements like a metaphysical. They don't need to act. They don't need to do things. They're all people that after they take those ideas and they act with this idea. So they create an ideology of those ideas, and there are a lot of social movements created out of that. But what we're talking about is that a philosopher doesn't need to do anything, just think and understand what? A lot of things with oversimplifying. And I have a huge amount of respect for every profession in this world as long as you do it right. And they are only kind of professionals in this world which are the kind of professionals that act up on things. Technicians, the kind of the car mechanic I was talking to you, right? Deals with a structured problem. They know how to identify which kind of problem they have. And they know when they have identified the problem, they know how how to solve it. You know how to change a wheel. Or you know how to make a picture. You know how to I don't know program computer in a way, right? There are problems that are very, very structured. The typical example of a structured problem that with a structured solution, is a computer program. It's very, very core, and factors something calls to core programming in a way, right? What do managers do? Managers deal with unstructured problems and they want to change reality through this structured problems. In a way what I'm saying is something that one of the first professors that the IESE ever had, right? Which is one Antonio Perez Lopez used to say which is managers are people who act upon unstructured problems. Provide solutions for problems that are difficult to solve. Anyway, what Antonio emphasized is that managers do three different things. They get results, if you don't get results you're not a manager. We are whatever. And you have to get results in order to have your prestige as a manger. The second thing is that you encourage learning because the more, the more you deal with unstructured problems, the more you create a backup talent inside your mind that you can share. And the more and more you can create a backup talent upon your peers, right? Upon the people that worked with you. That is the collective mind set of the organization, right? This is very much right based on the thoughts of Aristotle's. The third thing is achieve identification. Right, he identifies himself with your means and end of the organizations, with the objectives of this story. So what we're saying is that the role for manager is to solve problems. The role of a manager is to solve and structure problems, act on them, get results, and call it learning, and identify the organization with [INAUDIBLE] [MUSIC]
