<i>(narrator) Welcome to the Lusaka Sanitation Case Study.</i> <i>Today, we will travel to Lusaka, the capital of Zambia in Southern Africa,</i> <i>where we will have a closer look</i> <i>at a sanitation service delivery model for urban areas.</i> <i>We chose this case study because it shows how service,</i> <i>adapted to the local conditions, can deliver sanitation services,</i> <i>and to illustrate how many different details other than the technical system</i> <i>contribute to the success of a service delivery model.</i> <i>Please pay special attention to the delegated management</i> <i>used to deliver the service,</i> <i>the financial revenue model, and the sanitation technologies,</i> *and give special focus to the faecal sludge management.8 <i>Furthermore, we want you to understand</i> <i>how a formerly illegal business was formalized.</i> <i>In this video, people often talk about "peri-urban areas",</i> <i>which in Zambia is used ambiguously</i> <i>for the settlements outside the city center.</i> <i>This case study is presented to you in partnership with</i> <i>Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP)</i> <i>We would like to thank WSUP,</i> <i>The Lusaka Water and Sewage Company,</i> <i>The Kanyama Water Trust,</i> <i>and the people of Kanyama</i> <i>for allowing us to give this insight into their work and daily life.</i> Lusaka is the capital city of Zambia, and it has a population of about 2.3 million people. And out of that 2.3 million people, <i>you have about 60-70% of that population living in the peri-urban areas of Lusaka.</i> <i>And out of that 70% I've referred to,</i> <i>we have about 90% of them using on-site sanitation.</i> <i>The high-income areas are well-planned.</i> <i>And so, those that could be only on-site sanitation using their septic tanks,</i> <i>we easily acquire services of their tank operators.</i> And their costs, of course, they can be able to afford the cost of having such a level of service. <i>But if you go to a low-income area where there's no planning,</i> <i>the access to the properties is quite a challenge.</i> <i>It becomes difficult for the tanker or service operators</i> <i>to provide this level of service.</i> <i>But also, the fact that you are talking about the high cost of this service,</i> <i>as the affordability capacity,</i> on the part of people in the low-income areas, it can't allow them to be able to pay for such a high-level of service. <i>Kanyama settlement, or peri-urban, is one of the most-populated,</i> <i>in fact, it's the most-populated settlement in Lusaka.</i> <i>You are talking over a population of not less than 250,000 people.</i> <i>And if you look at the challenges of sanitation</i> <i>in Kanyama itself, it's huge.</i> The water pit is, we dig a shallow, a shallow pit, and it gets full quickly, and in the past we would cover it up and dig another one, it would get full really quickly, and that would be the trend. Another problem that we face is when the rainy season comes, the pits easily fill up and that are flowing, and flows to the street, and that increases the chances of disease such as cholera. <i>(woman) Lusaka Water and Sewage Company was formed the 1988.</i> One of the departments which is of interest to everyone is the peri-urban department. It is the department which is in charge of coordinating water and sanitation service provision in all the peri-urban areas in Lusaka. The Kanyama Water Trust is a community-based service provider, which provides services on behalf of the mandated organization, which is Lusaka Water and Sewage Company. <i>We are actively involved in the services of supplying water to the community.</i> <i>Secondly, we are also involved in sanitation.</i> <i>(Yvonne) The Faecal Sludge Management Service,</i> <i>of course, was an initiative of Lusaka Water and Sewage,</i> <i>in partnership with Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor</i> <i>and the community, who are represented by Water Trust.</i> One thing to note is that we are still grappling with the challenge of dealing with faecal sludge in all these peri-urban areas. <i>We designed the business model of the Faecal Sludge Management Service.</i> <i>We looked at a number of factors.</i> <i>And as much as this was a service that we would provide,</i> <i>we also wanted to look at it from the business side.</i> <i>So we looked to see how much revenue we would generate</i> <i>from the provision of this service.</i> <i>And also we looked at the operation's cost to be made,</i> <i>'cause we wanted this to be sustainable for it to generate its own funds,</i> <i>and also be able to continue.</i> The way the Faecal Sludge Management System works is that the customer would request for the service. So, they will try to find out how the service... they can access the service. So what happens is that once a customer expresses interest, <i>The Water Trust sends the pit diggers to go and make an assessment.</i> <i>So once they assess, then they advise the householder</i> <i>of what level of service they can pay for.</i> <i>Because we have three levels of service that are designed.</i> <i>(Yvonne) So we looked at for 12 barrels, for the smallest toilets.</i> <i>This would cost 250.</i> <i>Then for 24 barrels,</i> <i>the customer would be required to pay 380.</i> <i>And for 32 barrels,</i> <i>the customer would be required to pay 450 kwacha.</i> <i>And this is how the entire structure is.</i> <i>So, it's up to the customer to tell us which amount they can afford,</i> and also looking at the size of their toilets. I came to know about the pit emptying service through door-to-door marketing services. Since the first time we registered for this service, up until now, we are the only people who are using it to empty our pit. <i>(Reuben) This is a service where pits are emptied,</i> <i>and the sludge from the pits is safely transported</i> <i>to the treatment facilities,</i> <i>where again it is treated and safely disposed of</i> <i>or resold as, either as bio-fertilizer</i> <i>or gas that is used for energy purposes.</i> We started the first of its kind in terms of service provisioners of faecal sludge management. <i>We started this service in February of 2013,</i> <i>and from February 2013, for the three years of operation,</i> <i>900 pits were emptied,</i> <i>benefiting close to 25,000 people in the low-income area of Kanyama.</i> <i>So you can see how this model of service delivery</i> <i>is responding to the sanitation needs</i> <i>of people in the low-income areas of Zambia,</i> <i>and in particular, in Kanyama.</i> There's a big difference between when I was emptying illegally and now that I'm with the company. Because when I was emptying illegally, I never had tools to use, and now with the company, I'm able to empty using the right tools. With our methods, it's far different. It's professional. There's care. Because when we go there, to empty toilets, we open up, we service it off, <i>and we are able to empty it up to the bottom.</i> <i>Thereafter, we make sure that actually the site is disinfected,</i> <i>as we leave the site.</i> <i>So it's more professional, it's really covering good hygiene</i> <i>in our communities.</i> I was very happy with the service because my pit was emptied to a considerable amount, and the service is worth the money that we pay for it. If I want a load of sludge to be removed from anything, I'll pay more. And if I want less, I will pay less. We know that things, for instance, that are making the model to be not fully financially viable. So, our priorities as of now, as WSUP, is to see how this current model can be improved so that it can become more financially viable. Because when it does so, then we can be able to, together with Lusaka Water, be able to recommend it for a scale-up to other low-income communities. This has really made our lives easy, because we had a really big problem and now, with the pit empty, we have the services which are available. <i>(narrator) This module provided some insight into the daily life</i> <i>of sanitation service delivery in peri-urban areas in Lusaka, Zambia</i> <i>There are a number of key takeaways from this case study.</i> <i>Firstly, delegated management can help to bring adapted services,</i> <i>even to unplanned peri-urban areas.</i> <i>Secondly, an underlying business model to assure financial sustainability</i> <i>is key for any successful sanitation system.</i> <i>Revenue streams can come from customers, taxes, or other forms of subsidies.</i> <i>And service has to be adapted to the local conditions to be successful.</i> <i>Thirdly, the complete sanitation chain has to be considered,</i> <i>from improving the toilets for easier emptying,</i> <i>to transport, treatment, and safe reuse and disposal.</i> <i>There are many elements to this case study</i> <i>that could not be portrayed in full length due to time constraints.</i> <i>If you would like to learn more,</i> <i>we recommend that you go to the WSUP homepage,</i> <i>where you'll find many resources about this project.</i> <i>Thanks for your attention.</i>
