Hi everyone according to the learning of previous modules we have basic knowledge of Traditional Chinese Madicine And this chapter we will discuss the culture of Traditional Chinese Madicine as followings, "Yi Culture" which is the origin of Chinese cultures emergences of three essential ideologies which are "Ru","Dao" and "Buddha" how these cultures and TCM impact each other we will learn about Traditional Chinese Culture from TCM attitude as well as TCM Knowledge System characters from cultural attitude we divided this chapter into four parts the first one, "Yi Culture and TCM" the second one, "Ru Ideology and TCM" the third one, "Dao Culture and TCM" the forth one, "Buddha Culture and TCM" in the first part, "Yi Culture and TCM" there are three topics for us to discuss let's start with this one why we are paying attention to the topic of "Yi Culture and TCM" Let's look at the opinions of Simiao Sun in Tang Dynasty for this topic his oppinions could be interpreted as followings in order to become a good doctor besides mastering in medical works, such as "Huang Di Nei Jing" and etc. as well as the thoughts of famous doctors we also need to know "Zhou Yi" and etc. let's look at the modern medical experts e.g. Professor Qicheng Zhang from Beiking TCM University, what's his oppinion to the relationship of "Yi and TCM"? he said, the one learning only medical science, but not "Yi Culture" would have a narrow thought and couldn't catch the essence and rules of human life from macroscopic view the one leaning "Yi Culture", but not knowing anything about medical science would be a talker and couldn't solve any single problem he thought that only to combine the two together could achieve the best of both and make up for the deficiencies for each other from the oppinions of acient and modern medical experts, we could learn that there is some certain relationship between TCM and Yi Culture in this chapter, we will discuss three topics firt of all, let's look at the origin and development of Yi Culture to get the basic knowledge of Yi Culture and then we will summerize the core thoughts of Yi Culture last but not least, we will learn about the influence of Yi Culture to TCM in this module, we mainly talk about the origin of Yi Culture usually, we divid the origin of Yi Culture from three phases according to the beginning and development He Luo Culture foudation of Yi Culture the origin of Three Yi how do we look at these three phases of orign and development of Yi Culture it could be divided into three phases the first one is beginning of Yi Culture which was in neolith time about ten thousand years ago in China, the symbol of neolith time are emerging of farming, grinding stone tools pottery and original textile the main relics in neolith time are Yang Shao Culture in the midstream of the Yellow River this one is very famous and Ma Jia Yao Culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and also Da Wen Kou Culture as well as Long Shan Culture in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in the process of productive forces from the awe to nature to knowing natural rules people slowly knew how to produce, how to survive and how to avoid natural disasters according to observe the natural lives, changing of weather and cosmic phenomena people gradually learned about the rules of lives yet for the lack of written language now all we could know are legends the most popular one is Fu Xi Fu Xi and others invented Fu Xi Eight Diagrams from observing the various phenomena of nature this is the symbol of the beginning of Yi Culture the second phase is the formation of Yi Jing it was mainly in dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou and we also call it as Bronze Culture Period in China, Bronze Culture started in two thousand B.C. and went through dynasties of Xia, Shang, West Zhou and Chun Qiu about fifteen centuries at that time, the Bronze tools were for instrument, weapons, miscellaneous device and etc. in later period of Shang Dynasty and early period of Wes Zhou Dynasty the casting technique of bronze achieved the best at that time, in Asia Continent casting technique of broze in Shang and Zhou was shining like a pearl and in ancient China this was a new phase of human culture the creation of written language has succussfully recorded Zhou Yi culture in the ways of words and pictues yet the explanation at that time was pretty simple and only few people knew it Zhou Yi is the assemblage of Chinese three-thousand-year culture the third assemblage in slavey society of China, Symbol Culture and Divination Culture had reached great summerizations and then the third phase what is it? it is the phase of creation and transmission of Yi Zhuan the time period is from Zhan Guo to Qing and Han most people think that Yi Zhuan was written by Confucian scholars and someone think that it was written by Confucius and his followers to interpret his philosophical ideas although it is controversial Yi Zhuan could make more people know about the rules and applications of Zhou Yi this book made a great promotion of Yi Culture and also helped later generations further research in Yi Culture after Emperor Hanwu advocated Confucianism-only ideology Zhou Yi jumped to the top of Six Classics what are Six Classics? they are Poetry, Books, Etiquette, Music, Yi and Chunqiu (history) they are representative works of Traditional Chinese Culture at that time Yi Culture's stutas in Traditional Chinese Cultrues was officially setted during the later dynasties scholars of Yi Culture did the research of Zhou Yi from aspectives of theory of Yi and reading images and then there came Theory Group and Theory Group if you are interested in this you could read some books about Yi Culture I am not gonna talk more the second part, Heluo Culture Foundation of Yi Culture it happened in neolith time, the beginning of Yi Culture the origin of Yi Culture how did it happen? let's have a general understanding of He Luo Culture Foundation Images of He Image and Luo Book came from the origin and legends of Zhou Yi and Hong Fan in Yi Xici, it said He Image appears, and Luo Book appears, and then the Saint comes what does this sentence mean? it said in Fu Xi period dragon horse appeared in Yellow River, and carried with "He Image" sacred turtle appeared in Luo River, and carried with "Luo Book" according to the Image and the Book, Fu Xi drew Eight Diagrams this was the initial mode of Zhou Yi so there is a story in China it said that look up to observe the images of the sky and overlook to understand the rules of earth observe animal languages and environmental condition there is another version of this story it may not be real in Tian Shui Mai Ji Districk which was called West of Wei Nan, Bei Dao District before there was a Gua Tai Mountain it was said that in Fu Xi period people knew nothing about nature they were fearful and confused when rain, wind, lightning, and thunder came and Fu Xi wanted to figure all these out so he often standed on Gua Tai montain to watch the sun, the moon and the stars to overlook the land appreance nearby sometimes, to look over the footprints and patterns of animals in one day, he came to the mountain again pondering deeply in the phenomenas from the long-term observation suddenly, he heard a strange sound in the front of Gua Tai Mountain, there was a Dragon-horse coming out of a cave why do we call it as dragon-horse because the animal had the head of dragon and the body of horse there were some strange patters in its body the dragon-horse jumped onto a big rock in Wei Shui River which was bellowing Gua Tai Mountain the shape of the rock was like Tai Ji the picture of the shape and the patterns in dragon-horse's body presented a epiphany to Fu Xi then he drew Eight Diagrams watching the images of sky and observing the rules of earth show that Zhou Yi belongs to Materialism it comes from natural phenomenas Eigh Diagrams could explain the evolving rules of all creatures and in fact, He Image refers to weather chart in non-literal period circle symbolizes the sky Luo Book is the map in acient China square symblizes earth hence, in ancient China, people thought the sky was a circle and the earth was a square same as decription in Luo Book and He Image it matches the upper with south, the bellowing with north left with east, and right with west it shows that the evolving rules of all the creatures are same and there are some number phenomenas odd number is Yang, and even number is Yin odd and even numbers come together to generate Image. And the Number is identical in addition, Eight Diagrams and He Luo Cultures also contains the rules of Metal, Wood, Water, Fire and Earth in the third part, we will talk about the origin of Three Yi what are Three Yi? in Chinese history, Yi Culture refers to not only Zhou Yi yet the other two are missing we could only know Zhou Yi Three Yi were recorded in Zhou Li it was call Tai Pu Yi to make it more specific they were Lian Shan, Gui Zang and Zhou Yi Lian Shan and Gui Zang are missing now all the information are recorded from a ancient book le't look at Lian Shan Yi why was it called only Lian Shan and without Yi the name was firstly knew by people from the book of Zhou Li Lian Shan Yi talked about how to reading the guidance from the changes of four seasons and Six Factors how to know the coodinate from the rules of Six Character how to read the prophesy by the rules of time and space different from idea of promoting and constraining mutually of five factors Lian Shan Yi made the rules by objective observation of substance and made the sytematic regulation of human behaviors how about Gui Zang Yi? there are two short stories the first one talked about a legend ancestor of Shang Dynasty people was named as Qi and Qi's mother was Jian Di she went to shower in the river with two companions and saw a magic bird laying an egg magic bird is what we call swallow today Jian Di picked up the egg and ate it and then got pregnant and this was the birth of Qi since Jian Di was the mother of the ancestor of Yin People all they had were endowed by the great mother hence, they changed Lian Shan to Gui Zang we all know that Kun symbolizes the earth, the mother and the female then the sentence "all creatures belongs to Gui Zang" means that everything comes from the mother Jian Di to extend that, human culture and civilization are mainly about the earth everything comes from the earth, and goes back the earth eventually now we are talking about the second story in ancient time, people suffered a lot in waterflood Shun sent Gun to control the flood Gun adopted the tough ways to fight against nature by building huge dams to prevent the flood yet nature was so powerful it destroied all the dams to save people's lives, Shun designated Da Yu, the son of Gun, to continue to do the controlling flood project according to Hong Fan, the Heaven gave Da Yu a management book, called Hong Fan Jiu Chou a system of ruling the world it was said that the Heaven sent a sacred turtle carring Luo Book in Luo River and then the turtle gave the book to Da Yu Da Yu learn about it and written the second Yi Jing, Gui Zang Yi of course, the two stories are only legends it is said that Gui Zang Yi illustrated six timing factors to help people to do things acuratelly and appropriately what are six timing factors? they are nothing, something,union, opposition, behavior and ethic these six timing factors are the basic elements for dividing time in ancient China e.g. 12-hour a day, 24 solar terms they are multiple numbers of six and also it provided theory foundation for Six Yao from Zhou Yi which was invented by Emperor Zhou Wen then let's look at Zhou Yi there's a story about Zhou Yi Emperor Zhou Wen invented Zhou Yi when he was in prison what does this mean? Zhou Yi was written by Emperor Zhou Wen who is Emperor Zhou Wen? he was named Ji Chang living between 1213 B.C to 1117 B.C. he had another name Xi Bo in history he was the leader of Zhou Dynasty he earned lots of hearts for his kindness, politeness and efferts in developing production his achivement generated jealousy and dissatisfaction of Emperor Shangzhou, and called Emperor Yin Zhou later he was fatuous and brutal the slander leaded him to imprison Ji Chang in Mai City during the prison time, Emperor Zhou Wen creatively covered two diagrams of Eight Diagrams and to find out 64 diagrams it's extention of Yijing and we call it Zhou Yi nowadays Empire Zhou Wen created 64 diagrams and wrote the explanations and later Zhou Gongdan wrote the divinations for them and then formed the system of Zhou Yi someone think that Zhou Yi is a book of divination and was written by officers who were in charge of divination after a thousand year accumulation from Xia Dynasty to Zhou Dynasty although Lian Shan and Gui Zang were lost Zhou Yi, including 64 diagrams, the explanation and divination had got transmitted and improved gradually in later ages this is really a long-time accumulation Indeed, information accumulation of different dynasties and different scholars eventually formed Zhou Yi OK, orign and evolution of Zhou Yi Culture is ended here in next module, we will talk about the core thoughts of Yi Culture